Bixa orellana - Seeds

Bixa orellana, commonly known as annatto or achiote, is a perennial shrub or small tree belonging to the Bixaceae family. Native to the tropical regions of the Americas, particularly the Amazon Basin, it is widely cultivated for its striking fruits, ornamental value, and multiple traditional and industrial uses.

It typically grows between 2 and 5 meters tall, with large, alternate, pointed leaves. The flowers, usually pink to light purple, appear in terminal clusters and add a vibrant, exotic touch to any garden. The fruit is a heart-shaped capsule covered in soft bristles, which opens when mature to reveal numerous reddish seeds. These seeds are coated with a substance rich in bixin, a natural carotenoid pigment used extensively as a dye in food, cosmetics, and textiles.

Bixa orellana thrives in warm, humid climates without frost (USDA zones 10 to 12), prefers well-drained soil, and full sun exposure. It is easy to grow from seed and may begin to flower in its second year.

Since pre-Columbian times, it has been used by indigenous communities for natural dyes, body paint, and traditional remedies. Today, it remains a plant of great interest for sustainable applications and ornamental landscaping.